Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Science

In order to analyze the effect of coupling relationship between joint stiffness parameters on the dynamic performance of machine tool bolt joints surface, a response surface method which is based on the theory of response surface statistics was proposed to fit the natural frequency of generalized modal states and the dynamic stiffness of the joints. In this method, the natural frequency was taken as the critical index to describe the object dynamic characteristics, with which the mathematic relationship between dynamic characteristics and the stiffness parameters between the joints were analyzed. The response surface model of predicating the varying dynamic characteristics with the finite element models of single and two nodes was established by central composite experiment design and response surface method theory. The least square method with the response function and the experimental test value were taken as the optimization objective, the nonlinear programming and genetic algorithm were combined to realize the stiffness parameter identification of the joint part. The type of response surface function expression was selected to display the stiffness coupling relationship between multiple pairs of nodes, and the influence with the coupling of stiffness on the dynamics of components was revealed. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, one bolt assembly was taken as the research object. The central composite experiment was designed to determine the different combination values of the stiffness between the joints, and the natural frequencies related to the first 11 orders were acquired by conducting the modal analyses with the ANSYS software. Utilizing the acquired dynamic data, a second-order polynomial response surface model was established to describe the connections between the stiffness and the natural frequencies. The accuracy of the established model was validated after calculating the valuating indexes, the influence of the coupling of stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of the components was analyzed, and the effects of multiple rigidness coupling, uncoupling and single stiffness on the dynamic performance of structures were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the dynamic modeling simulation with multi-stiffness coupling is in good agreement with the modal frequency and mode of vibration measured in the test. The first 11 mean modal frequency error is only 1.6%, which proves the necessity of considering the coupling relation between equivalent stiffness.

The change of the relationship between rivers and lakes affected by the Three Gorges Reservoir has been a major focus in recent years. The backflows from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake is the main feature of the relationship, and its variation characteristics and occurrence conditions are still controversial. The hydrological data since 2003 of the Jiujiang, Balijiang and Datong hydrological station located in the Yangtze River and the Duchang, Kangshan and Hukou hydrological station located in the Poyang Lake were used. The relationship between the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir was analyzed from the aspects of water level, flow rate, inter-annual variation and annual distribution of runoff. The internal mechanism of the backflows from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake based on the basic law of energy balance was discussed and the theoretical formulas were deduced. The results showed that: 1) Poyang Lake had the characteristics of both river channel and lake. The characteristics transforms from river channel to Lake when the water level of Duchang station was above 15 m. The lake characteristics was presented when the water level of Kangshan station was above 17 m;2) The backflows from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake occued mainly in the flood season from July to September. In the total days of backflows, 41.6%,24.8% and 28.8% belonged to July, August and September respectively. The intensity of backflows was weakened to a certain extent by the flood control operation after the 175 m deep experimental impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir.3) The conditions of water level of Yangtze River were higher than that of Poyang Lake, large floods in the Yangtze River, and total inflow of the Poyang Lake receding or remaining stable were necessary for the formation of backflows. Furthermore, the magnitude and duration of the backflows mainly depended on the Yangtze River flood peak. The proposed methods and conclusions can provide a reference for further understanding the relationship between rivers and lakes and their interaction with each other,and provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive management of the Poyang Lake.

In order to slove the problem that the representative particle size method is difficult to accurately quantify the roughness of the gravel bed surfaces (GBS), the statistical theory was introduced to study the roughness properties of natural GBS. A series of loose-stacked GBS were prepared by using particles with different size and composition. Based on the analysis of the laser scanning data of the above GBS and the existing test results, the relationship between the statistical parameters of bed roughness and particle size was discussed, and the elevation variation characteristics of gravel bed profiles (GBP) and GBS was analyzed. The results showed that the frequency distribution of bed elevation had a negative skewness, the curve shape was steeper than the normal distribution, and the kurtosis Ku is greater than 3 which belongs to high narrow peak. The standard deviation σz increased with the increase of the median particle size d50, and the skewness Sk decreased with the increase of d50. In the case of the same particle size d50, the standard deviation σz and skewness Sk of unworked GBS were less than that of water-worked GBS, but there was no significant difference in kurtosis Ku. The one-dimensional structure function of GBP satisfied the variogram spherical model, whose parameters included the range, nugget and abutment value. The range showed a trend of first decrease and then increased with the increase of d50 and σz, and nugget and abutment value increase with the increase of d50 and σz. The trend couied be fitted with second order polynomial curves. The distribution pattern of two-dimensional structure function was closely related to sampling scale hx and hy. When hx, hy and d50 were equivalent, the distribution of the two-dimensional structure function was close to the circular shape and the rough GBS was isotropic, with the distribution law of the structural function being consistent with that of the water-worked GBS. With the increase of hx and hy, the complexity of the distribution of the two-dimensional structure function was enhanced obviously. The structure function values of different quadrants were different, and there was no longer the distribution law of the water-worked GBS and the rough GBS was anisotropic.

A large number of landslides and collapses are often triggered by earthquake, but little attention has been paid to the risk assessment of glacier lake outburst under coaction of earthquake and ice avalanches. To investigate the characteristic of hydrodynamic pressures under coaction of earthquake and ice avalanches, experimental analysis of hydrodynamic pressures were conducted under separate earthquake action and ice avalanches action, respectively. The ice block sliding into the reservoir was added during the process of earthquake simulated by shaking table, the characteristic of combined hydrodynamic pressures caused by earthquake and ice avalanches were then observed. The results show that the seismic hydrodynamic pressures were decreased from the bottom to the top, which was in good agreement with Westergaard's briefly solutions. However the hydrodynamic pressures caused by ice avalanches were increased from the bottom to the top. Meanwhile the effect of the volume,the sliding block velocity and initial water depth were considered to study the characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressures, and an empirical equation was obtained to predict the maximum pressure loads acting on the dam. The hydrodynamic pressure distribution curves under coaction of earthquake and ice avalanches were approximately equal to the superposition of separate earthquake and ice avalanches actions,but the combined values were smaller than the superposition values, and the estimation method of maximum hydrodynamic pressure was proposed.