Abstract : This study illustrates the fossil fuel crisis, which is now a major environmental threat. Currently, at 30% in 2021, the goal is to reach 85% by 2050. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is certainly a role for providing the majority of this sustainable power source while it is one of the most advanced inexhaustible power advances as well the vitality produced is transported from the world's sun-based belt to the populace focuses. As a result, the study's objectives are to create a new innovative design to improve the square's visual aspect by integrating concentrated solar power within the urban context, resulting in a square that looks good while also providing electric energy to the surrounding area. The research on Metal Flower Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) will provide enough energy to gradually replace non-renewable energy. This will be the first step toward a more environmentally friendly world. Photovoltaic is a different mechanism that uses mirrors to concentrate the Sun's light energy and reflect it into the focal point of the structure, where the warmth is collected and used to generate steam. The aim of this research is to integrate a concentrated solar power system into Egyptian streets using an innovative design that fits the Egyptian urban environment. The study revealed that installing CSP in street squares will generate an average of 900,000 kw annually and will save almost 135,000 Egyptian pounds annually. This nonstop energy generation can help in solving the energy problem facing developing countries..
Full article

Abstract : At this time, the material made from plastic is widely used because it has strong and inexpensive properties. However, the amount of plastic waste is an environmental problem in every region. One way to overcome is to create environmentally friendly plastics that can decompose naturally. The purpose of this study was to prepare and investigate the tensile strength, thermal resistance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology observations of polylactic acid (PLA) and cassava starch (CS) with cellulose paper from sugarcane bagasse (CPSB) as filler. The fabrication process uses the solvent casting method with constant PLA and CS concentrations of 80% and 20% with variations in the CPSB mass fraction of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. SEM observations showed that the mixture of PLA and CS had poor bonding due to the different hydrophobicity of the two materials. The content of CS causes agglomeration. The addition of CPSB reduces the tensile strength from 21.96 to 16.56 MPa and the modulus of elasticity from 96.75 to 74.90 MPa. The thermal resistance of the composite mixture increases with increasing CPSB load..
Full article

Abstract : Applying cutting fluid in machining is a typical case, inevitable in grinding, cooling down the tool, prolonging tool life, and gaining a smoother surface. However, the petrol-based cutting fluid may harm the operator, and after being used, residue may damage the environment. This research attempts to reduce those harmful effects using petrol-based cutting fluid by applying a renewable and non-edible one made of Calophyllum Inophyllum, then studying the machined surface's surface integrity in the grinding process. It has compared the results with conventional cutting fluid, called dromus, in grinding of mild steel (St 37 and St 42). The research design used is Taguchi design used to design experiments, followed by optimization analysis. The surface integrity study concerned were (i) hardness alteration, (ii) surface roughness, and (iii) microstructure of the ground surface. So that conclusion is that the newly developed cutting fluid has a better effect in terms of minimum changing of hardness, smoother ground surface, affect changes in the shape of the microstructure denser, and more negligible when using nyamplung as cooling media..
Full article

Abstract : SS400 is structural steel, which is categorized within low carbon steel. It could not be hardened by heat treatment. In order to increase its properties, SS400 is enhanced with surface treatment and surface plating. Chrome is an element added as an alloy or as a coating to increase the corrosion resistance of steel. It also improved the surface appearance by shining the surface of the steel. This research aims to develop the surface properties of SS400 using chrome by electroplating. The quality of the surface improvement was evaluated by adhesive strength using a PosiTest AT-M Adhesion tester according to ASTM D4541 standard. There are three parameters with three-level each: i.e. voltage (3 volts, 6 volts, and 9 volts), temperature (45 ℃, 50 ℃, and 55 ℃), and time (20 minutes, 25 minutes, and 30 minutes). Combination of parameters and levels according to the Taguchi orthogonal array L9(33) with thrice replication each. Minitab 18 was employed to analyze the S/N ratio and ANOVA. The results showed that the voltage, time, and temperature significantly contribute to the adhesiveness at the level of 51.18%, 39.7% and 7.25%, respectively. The maximum adhesiveness value of 22.11 MPa was achieved using a combination of the voltage of 9 volts, the temperature of 55 ℃, and the time of 25 minutes..
Full article