Abstract : The study area for Babylon Governorate is located roughly 110 kilometers from Baghdad, Iraq's capital city. Approximately 5,119 km2 of Iraq's total land area is occupied by it. During the summer months, the most common wind direction in Iraq is northwest, with the greatest temperature recorded at 52.8 degrees Fahrenheit. Rainfall distribution and amounts range .from 50 to 200 millimeters per year The results of the cross-hole survey using P and S-wave timings and velocities were discovered through a geophysical analysis of the area. In depths of 1 to 10 meters, the P-wave .velocity was 137.7 m/sec and the S-wave velocity was 617.05 m/sec kn/m3 was the average bulk density for the research area's soils, with the lowest 8.1 - 1.6 value of 1.6 kn/m3 in the depths of 1m and the highest value of 1.8 kn/m3 at 10m, with an .average of 1.6kn/m3 At depths of 1 to 10 meters, internal friction angles () ranged from 33 to 37, with the lowest .value at 33 and the highest at 37, with an internal friction angle ratio of 37.4 The values of P and S-wave velocities rise with depth from the surface to the depth of 10 m .)because of the density increase with depth in the soil (the layer compaction or soil load Based on the ratio of compressional and shear velocities to density, elastic and geotechnical .parameters were determined There was a wide variation in Poisson's ratio (v) between 1-10 meters, which indicates that .the soil in the research area is sand When Ko is close to 1 and the concentration index Ic exceeds 3, the soil is considered .saturated With increasing depth. Elastic behavior has been observed to gradually alter and The grain size distribution curves of soil samples taken from the boreholes at the site were determined using sieve analysis and Hydrometer analysis was carried also to determine the grain size distribution of fine-grained soils having particle sizes smaller than 0.075 mm..
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Abstract : The Multi-Channel Method for Surface Waves (MASW) was used to measure the average velocity of shear waves in order to construct an engineering structure and its relationship to bearing capacity, foundation depth and soil thickness in this construct in the center of Hilla city.) Active MASW) was used in this study which allows us to measure the apparent dispersion curve or the phase velocity within the frequency range (5-70) Hz, which gives information about the shallow layers (25-50 m) and depending on the ground hardness and spreading length. Where it was found that this area consists of two layers and each layer has a shear velocity, as the first layer has shear velocity (171.891) m/sec and the depth (8.244) m and the second layer has shear velocity (274.788) m/sec and the maximum bearing capacity value relative to the depth of the foundation is 1, 2 and 3 is (4.46 and5.27and5.96) T/m2 respectively. According to this study, this area is suitable for constructing an engineering structure on it..
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Abstract : Different additives have been used to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. During the last two decades, metakaolin, has been employed to improve the mechanical properties of concrete according to the percentage of addition and replacement. Furthermore, due to the spread of metal industrial waste and its impact on environmental safety, several studies have been conducted to find the possibility of using it in construction. This can provide low cost material and save the environment. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of using both metakaolin and metal industrial waste on the mechanical properties of concrete. Five concrete mixtures were designed with different metakaolin replacement rations including (0, 5, 15 and 25)%of cement weight. Also, metal strips having average width of 5 mm and average length of 30mm were added as 1% of concrete volume. Compression, tension and flexural tests were conducted on 105 specimens at different concrete ages (7, 28, and 90 days). In addition, high temperature of 600 o C was applied on specimens at 90 days to find out the effect of high temperature on the efficiency of metakaolin at late ages. The results showed the positive effect of metakaolin on concrete behavior at later ages. The optimum percentage of metakaolin was 15% to get higher compressive, tensile and flexural strengths. Moreover, adding metal waste increased concrete strengths especially tensile strength. While applying heat affected the concrete strengths negatively..
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