Abstract : Plastics play an essential part in modern society and are widely employed in a variety of applications due to their low cost, simplicity of production, and appealing qualities. Every year, around 300 million tons of plastic are manufactured worldwide, with only about 25% recycled. The fundamental issue with plastic garbage is that it may modify the living environment and natural processes, diminish ecosystems' ability to adapt to climate change, and significantly impact the livelihoods, social welfare, and food production capacity of millions of people. The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of plastic trash to minimize the demand for cement in constructing blocks. Plastic and concrete blocks were tested as part of this study. Plastic blocks have a sand-to-plastic ratio of 7:3, whereas concrete has two ratios: 1:6 and 1:8. Three machines are used to make plastic blocks: one crusher, two for blending plastic and sand, and one for burning plastic. Polymers were deposited in a 150x150x150mm mold after one hour in the burning process. Concrete blocks are made using the conventional process of combining cement and coarse sand. The molding is then put into the mold. It started mending after 24 hours and will continue for 7 days. According to the findings, the percentage of water absorption in plastic blocks is lower than in concrete blocks. Plastic bricks offer better compressive strengths and are less expensive than concrete blocks, according to this study..
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Abstract : Cement, fine and coarse aggregate, and other key components of concrete are threatened with extinction in the near future due to overexploitation and inefficient use. Cement production also results in increased carbon dioxide emissions, which in turn have a significant role in driving up average temperatures around the world. New materials found by scientists can serve as a whole or partial replacement for traditional concrete. To lessen the negative effects on the environment, researchers are looking into using other solid leftovers from industries and farms in place of traditional concrete components. Using a mix design that called for 1% Nano alumina replacement with ground granulated blast furnace slag and 1% Polypropylene fibre, this study analysed the performance of M35 grade structural RC elements. Crack width and rate of deflection were some of the engineering metrics analysed. Analysing the data, we learned that using Nano alumina integrate with GGBS and Polypropylene in larger quantities in place of traditional concrete significantly improved the structural behaviour of an RC concrete part members in terms of Deflection resistance and crack width reduction..
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Abstract : The irrigation water supply system in the Batu Bulan irrigation area uses a conventional system. The conventional method is the provision of water by inundation from the beginning of planting until the fruit ripens. The use of water with conventional systems is very wasteful and inefficient. The irrigation water supply method that can save water use is the System of Rice Intensification method. Calculations are carried out by simulating conventional irrigation water delivery systems and System of Rice Intensification based on crop water requirements, cropping patterns, irrigation area and water availability in Batu Bulan Reservoir. The calculation of inflow discharge scenarios for wet, normal and dry years uses historical discharge data from 1997 to 2022. Based on the simulation results and optimization calculations, different cropping intensities were obtained from the two methods. The percentage of cropping intensity with the conventional method is smaller than with the SRI method. The cropping intensity value for the dry year inflow discharge scenario is 181,85% for the conventional method and 185,82% for the SRI method. The k factor values that have met the maximum value limit for irrigation water and domestic water needs are 0,70 and 0,85. The reliability for each irrigation water and domestic water demand is 100%..
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Abstract : The goal of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the various elements of the amazing rapid economic growth and development in EGYPT, at no previous time in history has there been an acceleration of change as rapid as what we have witnessed in the recent past. The rapid succession of advances in science and technology has been unprecedented. The pace of change has been following a course approximating an exponential curve, based on change economies growing out of the industrial revolution. But the rate of urban development has been less remark able. Cities due to globalization-induced have become centers of complex activities, competing locally and internationally with highly progressive cities and degenerating others. As cities represent the driving force of economic, social, and cultural development, so we must define the stages of development and establish a system for arranging these cities and determining their locations in this process. our paper attempts to help Egyptian cities enhance their competitiveness. Twelve global power city index indicators for each city over the period 2015–2022 represent five urban functions: Economy, Research and Development, Cultural Interaction, Environment, and Accessibility have been utilized. Our findings are consistent with previous articles. ‎Our research results could potentially serve as valuable data to improve our understanding of Egyptian cities' challenges and assist in formulating urban policies and urban strategies..
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