Abstract : There is great importance of routing and wavelength assignment in wavelengths routed all optical network and provide the critical sensitivity in terms of design cost and blocking probability. For a given physical network structure and connectivity information the purpose of RWA is to find the optimal suitable path and wavelength among number of possibilities existed for individual connection so that no two paths over a same link should not have same wavelength. The complexity class of RWA problem carried the NP complete. The problem of RWA can be transformed as an optimization problem and hence can be solved efficiently using meta-heuristic approach. The proposed solution has applied the Genetic algorithm based solution approach which carried the node connectivity based cross-over and mutation strategy. To provide the better balance between exploration and exploitation, a new tournament strategy has been proposed which has the combination of tournament scores and fitness function. An objective function was designed to provide the lesser number of wavelength requirement but also minimize the number of hops in the light path to minimize the blocking probability..
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Abstract : Nowadays, synthesis of plant based nanoparticles were gaining importance in the field of medicines for efficient drug delivery to cure many diseases. In the present study iron nanoparticles were synthesized with waste pista shell extracts and were subjected to various characterization studies such as UV-Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR. Antibacterial activity of Fe3O4-NP doped pista extract was anlysed by agar well diffusion method against E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtlis and Staphylococcus aureus with gentamicin (20µl) as reference drug. Maximum zone of inhibition was found to be in Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 19mm and minimum zone of inhibition was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 16mm. Escherichia coli was found to have 18mm and Bacillus subtilis to be 17mm during the period of study. Later Fe3O4-NP was doped onto cotton fabric of size 7 mm x 7 mm as per standard methods. Fe3O4-NP doped pista extract cotton fabric was characterized using SEM and EDAX for confirmation of size and chemical compounds. Swabbed petri plates with following bacterial cultures such as E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtlis and Staphylococcus aureus were prepared as per standard procedures for antibacterial analysis by placing Fe3O4-NP doped pista extract cotton fabric onto the developed cultures, respectively and incubated for 24 hrs at 370C. E.coli registered the maximum zone of inhibition of 22mm followed by S. aureus with 20mm, P. aeruginosa with 19mm, 17mm by B. subtilis, respectively during the period of study. Cytotoxicity studies with vero cells lines revealed that 10µg/mL, 20µg/mL and 30µg/mL approximately 90% of cells remained viable with 97.78%, 95.21% and 93.29%, respectively. In vitro scratch wound healing assay was carried out as per standard procedure and calculated the scratch closure rate (SCR) which was found to be 20.52% at 24 hrs and 77.36% at 48 hrs of incubation..
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Abstract : Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained popularity in environmental monitoring, the Internet of Things, industrial operation control, electric distribution, and the oil industry due to their many uses. Sensor nodes' limited energy resources are a fundamental concern in these networks. Power consumption is managed by clustering and routing algorithms, therefore optimization and efficient routing protocols are vital. We present a WSN routing technique to reduce energy usage and improve network connection. We use static clustering and dynamic cluster head (CH) selection in our algorithm. This technique divides the network into many fixed sections, with CHs chosen based on residual energy, degree (number of surrounding nodes), and sensor node distance from sink. Simulations show that our routing algorithm beats LEACH, LEACH-C, and DR in network connectivity and power consumption. The novel static clustering and dynamic CH selection methods save energy and extend the network's lifespan and reliability. Our research shows that optimal routing algorithms can boost WSN performance and sustainability, enabling more durable and energy-efficient sensor networks in many application domains..
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Abstract : Diesel engines are widely used in transportation, power, and industrial sectors due to their greater reliability, durability, and sturdiness compared to gasoline engines. The rapid population growth critically impacts petroleum reserves, leading to resource depletion. Consequently, the increasing demand for energy necessitates the immediate development of alternative renewable fuels. The B20 (Palm stearin) with Multiwall carbon nano tube blend was uniformly mixed using an ultrasonicator. The experiment seeks to assess emissions and assess the performance implications of employing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in conjunction with biodiesel B20MEPS blended with 50 ppm of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and diesel across various EGR levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) under different loads. Introducing MWCNT with EGR decreases nitrogen oxides by 20% compared to scenarios without EGR, while enhancing performance by 5%. Specifically, the combustion performance at 5% EGR surpasses that at other EGR percentages..
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Abstract : A geo- seismic data of (Al-Faid) hydrocarbon field has re- interpreted for investigating about the reasons why the failure of the former drilled boreholes. Whereas, new drilling locations have proposed in (Al-Faid) hydrocarbon structural field. A lithology and stratigraphy model has achieved to know the relation between them and determine the significant reflection surfaces of Kurochina Dolomite (KD) and Kurochina Anhydrite (KA) storage and cover formations respectively, in addition to Quamchoka (Qum) formation as an assistant horizon. The (KD) formation is considered to be a distinctive hydrocarbon bearing in (Ad-Daww) basin includes (Al-Faid) field. According to the re- interpretation, failure reasons of former drilled boreholes have revealed. So, a new time map (TWT) for Kurachine Dolomite formation has delineated depends on seismic re-interpretation. Also, a depth map has originated by the velocity equations. As a result, new proposed drilling borehole locations have located in (Al-Faid) field..
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