Abstract : In this study, the effects of ultra-low-dose hormone therapy (Ultra-LD HT) are assessed using a shock model. It is believed that shocks follow a Poisson process. The effects of estrogen can cause osteoporosis if the interval between two consecutive shocks is less than a specific threshold. Since bone turnover markers (BTM) in postmenopausal women decrease as a result of 17β-estradiol 0.5 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.1 mg (E2 0.5/NETA 0.1) dosages, we suggest that the successive threshold values increase geometrically for worsening stress. Additionally, An expanding geometric sequence is formed by the recovery durations following osteoporosis. After BTM loss from 17β-estradiol and norethisterone acetate, we propose that the succeeding threshold values decline geometrically, with the subsequent recovery times creating a diminishing geometric sequence, in order to improve BTM. After the Nth failure, the dosage of this study looks at how ultra-low-dose hormone therapy (Ultra-LD HT) works, 17β-estradiol is changed to a fresh, similar one at the Nth shock. We explicitly determine an optimal dosage change, denoted as N*, for each scenario of improving BTM and deteriorating stress. This change is intended to minimize the long-run average dosage per unit time by calculating the average expectations for bone resorption markers, such as C-Telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) and N-telopeptide crosslinked of type I collagen (NTX), and bone formation markers, such as N-terminal properties of type I procollagen (PINP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and N-terminal procollagen (PINP). These were assessed before and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, and compared with a placebo..
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Abstract : Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of conditions resulting from abnormal brain development. About 6.7% of children in Egypt have one or more developmental disorders. Although the number of children with NDD is constantly increasing, they are still neglected in the landscape designing process. Many researchers have investigated the importance of landscape and its positive effect on mental and psychological health. However, there is still a lack of research and knowledge on the importance and the effect of landscape and outdoor green spaces on the behavioral improvement of children with NDD. This paper aims to investigate whether children with NDD living in Cairo have access to landscape and outdoor green spaces, which leads to better outcomes in behavioral improvement. The behavioral improvement of children with NDD is assessed by Children's Behavior Checklist CBCL, Parents questionnaire, and therapists’ questionnaire using a sample of 34 middle class children with NDD living in eastern Cairo between the ages of 6 to 11 years old. In cooperation with Al-Yusr Association for special needs- Maadi, and Panda Rehabilitation Academy- Qattameya, Cairo. Data collected is analyzed by using quantitative analysis. Children with NDD who have access to green spaces, and spend more than five hours weekly in outdoor green spaces, show positive responses to behavioral therapy compared to children with NDD who have no chance to have adequate access to the landscape. Also, Taking therapy sessions in an outdoor green space or a room that has a window exposure to green space leads to positive outcomes in tackling the behavior of children with NDD. Conclusions: Access to outdoor green space affects NDDs children’s behavior positively..
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Abstract : Livability is an evaluative approach used to assess the standard of living and effectiveness of various regions based on a mixed-methods approach. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive indicator for evaluating and ranking the livability of cities, using diverse indicators related to spatial and non-spatial parameters such as urban growth, transportation, public realm, neighbourhood demand, community satisfaction, economic purchasing power of the population, and environmental purity. Focusing on nine cities in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, the study utilizes geometric methods to combine socioeconomic and environmental information into dimension indices, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process is utilized to determine weights, forming a composite index. The results, derived from Multi-Dimensional Indices Analysis, highlight disparities among the cities, with Bani Yas City ranking first overall. However, recommendations have been made for Al Shamkhah to address the public realm, transportation, and infrastructure needs. Khalifah City is identified as the most livable, excelling in planning provision, infrastructure, transportation, quality of life, urban economy, and environment. The study provides significant policy implications, offering decision-makers insights to prioritize implementation plans and improve areas based on the selected indicators and dimensions..
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Abstract : This article investigates two variations of the Working Vacation framework, incorporating dual server breakdowns and a retrial queue with interruptions during working vacations, all managed under a Classical Retrial Policy. The steady-state probability distribution of the customer count in a single-server Markovian queue is computed using a matrix geometric approach specifically during working vacation periods. Breakdowns may occur in both the working vacation and busy states of the server. Customer arrivals are contingent on the server's state, following the First-Come-First-Serve discipline, and the server can provide alternative service to customers. The study specifically focuses on an M/M/1 retrial queue with working vacation interruptions. In cases where a customer arrives and the server is occupied, they enter an orbit of infinite size. Customers within the orbit attempt service sequentially when the server becomes available, adhering to the classical retrial policy with a retrial rate represented by 𝑛𝛼, where 𝑛 denotes the orbit size. Furthermore, if customers are present in the system at the conclusion of service during a working vacation period, the vacation is interrupted. The article also includes a sensitivity analysis to evaluate how different parameters impact the system's performance. The conclusion provides numerical examples and a discussion on cost optimization..
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Abstract : Egyptian government has particularly focused on real estate development during the past five years to support the economy by selling lands in new cities. However, the sector is unstable due to several ineffective policies, regulations, and procedures. Noticeably, achieving sustainable development in new cities often faces challenges regarding land provision and effective governance. Moreover, the processes to regulate and control the land provision process are inefficient and ineffectual. Many researchers associate the existing ineffective land provision policies in Egyptian new towns with the absence of real estate market monitoring, capturing the accelerating demand for land and the rapid change in land uses .The importance of real estate monitoring is being raised due to the lack of a clear strategy for the governance of the real estate sector in new cities, accompanied with no clear mechanisms to manage supply and demand and the sustainability of the land provision process .Thus, purpose of this research is to investigate how a proposed Smart Real-Estate Observatory (SREO) might help in addressing these challenges, particularly highlighting its role in addressing the drawbacks and consequences resulting from the absence of real estate monitoring in new cities, in addition to the absence of governing frameworks for a sustainable development of the real estate market. Globally, there are many concerns regarding the use and employment of smart and systematic technologies to support decision-making via models that monitors, analyzes, and controls real estate data, adopt methodologies based on digital indicators, and implement technologies such as Blockchain technology and IOT. The paper, therefore, argues that there is an urgent need to move towards the governance of land demand, as well as studying the factors affecting supply and demand through the establishment of a (SREO) that helps decision-makers to optimally utilize land uses, and induces proper governance of the real estate market in new cities in Egypt..
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