Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Science

Abstract :

CCTS-based solar cells show promising performance in the realm of sunlight-based energy production in this study. Optimizing the buffer layer remains a barrier to improving the efficacy of CCTS-based solar cells. The initial structure is made up of a CCTS absorber layer, a ZnO resistive layer, an AZO transport conducting layer, and a window layer, as well as different buffer layers (CdS, ZnS, and ZnSe) to find the best buffer layer. The second structure is made up of a CCTS absorber layer, a ZnO resistive layer, an AZO transport conductive layer, a window layer, and different buffer layers (CdS, ZnS, and ZnSe) to find the best buffer layer. The second structure consists of the same layers as the first structure, minus the resistive layer ZnO, while the third structure consists of the same layers, minus the window layer AZO. The solar cell in this structure's open circuit (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and conversion efficiency (PCE) revealed that the first structure has good agreement, and that these buffer layers were used to investigate the effect of buffer thickness as alternative buffer layers. Among these three buffers, cadmium sulphide CdS) is preferable over Zns and ZnSe, and after improving the initial structure, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 13.47% for buffer Cds, 13.46%. The simulation showed that for structure MO / CCTS /(CdS)/ZnO / AZO at (3100) nm of absorber layer (CCTS), 40 nm of buffer layer (cds), 10 nm of resistive layer (ZnO), and 60 nm of AZO performs the best for (Voc = 0.573 V, Jsc = 30.344 mAcm-2, FF = 72.57 %, and PCE = 13.91%).

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Abstract :

The effect of ethanol on diesel engine performance using B30 fuel has been investigated, namely a mixture of 30% calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and 70% petrodiesel. The ethanol concentration mixed to B30 was 10% and 20% vol/vol. The experiment was conducted on a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with a natural air system and joined with a generator that functioned as a dynamometer. The test was applied three times to the machine for each load, involving 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800W at a constant rotation speed of 2000 rpm. The experiment reveals that the consistent engine speed method and lamp load produce the same torque (Nm) and effectiveness power (kW) between fuels, impacted by the governor's mechanism. The 20% ethanol (B30E20) has the highest effective thermal efficiency of 28.41% and effectiveness fuel consumption of 0.46 kg/kWh. The addition of 20% ethanol reduced exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons up to 0.09% and 27.33 ppm. However, there was an exhaust emissions increase of carbon dioxide up to 8.0%. The exhaust emissions increase of carbon dioxide cannot be considered as a negative consequence because it can be reused (consumption) in the photosynthesis process raw material biofuels.

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Abstract : In this paper a methodology is introduced that allows probabilistic analysis of functions (transformations) generally associated with production, while preserving the parameters of the original transformation and having those a physical meaning. The resulting probability density function is customized to the phenomena that the transformation represents, phenomena from any discipline, such as management, economics, engineering, marketing, manufacturing, and other sciences. In the case of instantaneous electric power analysis, it is done through probabilities with first harmonic of current and voltage, and phase shift Φ. The time samples are re-sampled according to a uniform probability density function, so it is possible to apply transformation of random variables over this uniform density function. Depending on intrinsic values of the signal (the harmonic distortion, phase, amplitude), the shape of the instantaneous power signal (the transformation) varies and therefore the shape of the probability density function too. The model or methodology stablished here is general but limited to one independent variable used with a uniform sample function..
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Abstract : Technological advancement in building incorporated photovoltaic (BIPV) has transformed the façade of the building into a generator powered by renewable energy sources. The BIPV facades are designed to provide energy production alongside traditional design goals such as aesthetics art and environmental control. However, the problem is that architectural design goals sometimes conflict with energy performance such as visibility and daylight versus maximum power output. In this context, the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy seems to be worthwhile as they are numerous and have enormous environmental and economic prospects. This study aims to provide a new entrance to building design by enhancing a façade with photovoltaic to form aesthetic appeal and construction by studying the current situation of energy consumption. This research will give access to afford sustainable planning decisions that the use of photovoltaic energy in building façades is architecturally feasible to give an elegant design that arises from engineering creativity, satisfies the requirements of efficiency and economy, and is also elegant. in addition to that using a photovoltaic system is the best decision for different building types to become more self-sufficient and, ecofriendly, decrease carbon footprint and reduce monthly electricity bills..
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Abstract : Designing an optimal surfactant polymer design is very crucial and requires numerous laboratory tests that require infinite time, higher financial statements, and probably lack accuracy. Consequently, AI techniques have taken over, proving excellent accuracy levels with less time and lower cost. This paperwork is objectified to eliminate any laboratory work when it comes to generating an optimal surfactant-polymer design with the freedom to do multiple adjustments across the factors affecting the process and their responses in minutes and with financial ease. Consequently, a comparative study is done throughout this paper in order to have an optimum prediction for either factor affecting EOR recovery or their outcomes. However, this paper has traced the footprints of the previous experimental study by considering the critical-micelle-concentration of 1.25wt.% is the optimum alongside depending on the laboratory observations at evaluating the surfactant, the values of each factor, and its respective result under specific conditions i.e.: high-salinity. Nonetheless, the computerized observations have slightly deviated when it comes to the polymer concentration which altered everything afterward analytically and statistically, however it is realistic. The Design-Expert software was used to initiate this comparative study, it has shown promising outcomes as another XG concentration was predicted at 1871.61 ppm rather than the former 2000 ppm. This caused a difference between both the previous and present study. For instance, experimentally IFT chosen was 3.1 mN/m, contact angles chosen were 50.1° and 60.52°, viscosity chosen was 11.78 cp and the oil recovery factor percentage was 53% after SP flooding. Oppositely, the AI design shows an IFT of 3.0072 mN/m, contact angles of 49.75° and 59.53°, a viscosity of 11.99 cp, and an oil recovery factor of 51.41%. The model has shown high accuracy with the observation of R^2 reaching 0.9988 and standard deviation as low as 0.1121. The success of the proposed AI model would be a plot twist if applied to Egyptian oil fields due to the minor role of EOR in such regions..
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