Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Science

Progressive cavity pumps (PCP), which uses the ordinary nitrile rubber, are widely used in heavy oil production, and it is prone to failure of the core-burning perforation of the stator bushing. The expensive hydrogenated nitrile rubber is resistant to high temperatures but does not have precise use depth and cross-sectional parameters. In order to solve above problems, first of all, the rubber hyperplastic constitutive model of ordinary nitrile rubber and hydrogenated nitrile rubber is fitted based on the thermal aging and tensile tests. And then, a new finite element model is established based on the one-way decoupling method to decompose the delayed heat generation phenomenon. Finally, the influences of working well depth, interference, and wall thickness on the lagging heat generation are studied, and the orthogonal table of the three factors is listed. The research results show that ordinary nitrile rubber is better than hydrogenated nitrile in working temperature below 70 ℃ (corresponding to the working depth of 1 667 m), but it will suffer serious aging in the deep working temperature or the high temperature environment, which is the main reason for core burn and perforation failure in current applications. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber begins to age at a working temperature of 150 ℃ (corresponding to the working depth of 4 333 m), which is more stable than ordinary nitrile in mechanical properties, so it is reliable. Due to liquid column pressure and rubber aging, the maximum stress between the bushing and the rotor is decreases first and then increases with the increase of working depth. With the increase of the interference, the sealing performance of the PCP improves, and the maximum temperature of the sleeve section increases exponentially. For every 2 mm increase in the thickness of the rubber bushing, the true displacement of the inner wall increases by 0.059～0.067 mm on average, corresponding to the growth rate of 19%～28%. It is concluded that the working depth of 1 667 m is the boundary between the two types of rubber PCP. The interference is the minimum value of 0.5 mm, and the maximum wall thickness is 12 mm under the condition of no leakage. The research results provide theoretical support for reasonably matching the parameters of the stator rubber bushing, which optimizing the stator rubber material, and improving the working performance of the PCP throughout the life cycle.

Submerged dam is a commonly used structure to control the reaches of a braided river, and it is generally located at the entrance of the inlet. The flows in these areas are often complex. It may cause downstream scouring after the completion of the submerged dam and the consequent uneven subsidence. Riprap reinforcement is an important measure of maintaining the function of the submerged dam. The conventional riprap reinforcement project is used in the bank protection. The traditional stone-throwing distance formulas are generally applied to shallow water and related to the water surface velocity, water depth, and the weight of the stones. There is not much study on the riprap reinforcement project in deep water area, and the research on the stone scattering is much less. In this paper, the authors make the first attempt to conduct-field tests for investigating the throwing distance and the enlargement coefficient, and for optimizing the comprehensive scattering coefficient. These field tests were performed at the entrance of the left branch of Hechang-bar, which is located at the lower reach of the Yangtze River, China. Based on the vertical distribution of velocity, the formula of the fall velocity of stone in deep water area, the formula of the throwing distance and the formula of the comprehensive discrete coefficient are derived. These formulas are verified by field data. The research extends the traditional throwing distance formula to the deep water area, and discusses the dispersion degree of throwing stones. The results can provide reference for submerged dam reinforcement works or other similar construction projects.

In order to improve the cutting speed control performance of the ball screw sub-laser cutting platform, based on the principle of double power reaching law and fuzzy control a controller of gain fuzzy adaptive double power reaching law was designed. The Lagrangian dynamic model of the ball screw pair motion system was established by lumped parameter method for considering the various axial and torsional vibrations of ball screw pair. Meanwhile, the Stribeck friction model was introduced to estimate the friction that high-precision control systems were greatly affected by the high nonlinearity of friction. Due to the chattering of the traditional double power reaching law, the saturation function was introduced instead of the symbol function, which inhibited the chattering of control system to some extent. The fuzzy relationship between the laser cutting depth, velocity and gain was analyzed and established.The fixed gain was difficult to ensure the optimal dynamic control effect of the laser cutting, based on the laser cutting depth as the adaptive reference, the fuzzy controller based on the fuzzy rule table adaptively adjusted the control gain, which enhanced the robustness and adaptability of the system. Simulation and experimental results showed that it was not only solved the overshoot problem of the control system, but also improved the response speed and robustness of the system, effectively weakened the chattering of the system compared with the PI controller and the traditional double power reaching law controller. Meanwhile, the laser cutting laboratory platform was built. It was found that the best laser cutting depth range was 1/2～2/3 the thickness of the cell, and the best laser cutting speed was 200 m/s by the laser cutting experiment on the ball screw sub-laser cutting platform. On this basis, the PI controller, the traditional double power reaching law controller and the control method proposed in this paper were used for laser cutting. By comparing and analyzing the slit image of battery obtained by the metallographic microscope, it was showed that the slit of the cell obtained by the control method proposed in this paper is flat, which verifies the superiority of the control method proposed in the laser cutting speed control performance.

In recent years, the development of new energy vehicles industry is accelerating. Lithium nickel cobalt manganese/aluminum oxide ternary cathode materials (NCM/NCA), especially with the nickel content ≥50%, has aroused great interest in both academia and industry. This is mainly due to the fact that the aggregative parameters of performance and cost of NCM/NCA are superior to those of traditional cathode materials, such as LiCoO2 and LiFePO4. However, the application of NCM/NCA is affected by a number of drawbacks, including poor safety and insufficient cycle stability and so on, which are mainly attributed to its crystal and surface structure. Researchers have carried out various efforts to solve these problems and further improve the performance of NCM/NCA. Some remarkable results have been achieved in the past few years. In this review, the latest research progress on coating and doping of Ni-rich ternary cathode materials is summarized from the view on the mechanism of structural and electrochemical improvement of NCM/NCA. Finally, the perspective for the development of NCM/NCA cathode materials is also prospected.

The permeability characteristics of iron tailings are one of the important factors affecting the stability of the dam. The permeability coefficient is an important indicator of its permeability. Many formulas for calculating permeability coefficient have been proposed by scholars at home and abroad. However, these formulas are mostly applicable to coarse-grained soil, and its applicability to iron tailings is not clear. Therefor it is necessary to verify the accuracy of these formula and establish a calculation model for the permeability coefficient of iron tailings. The permeability properties of iron tailings sand were analyzed from various angles such as FC value, gradation, particle size, specific surface area and inter-particle void ratio with water head test in laboratory. The results showed that the permeability coefficient of iron tailings sand is affected by the fine content. The threshold of fine content is about 40%. The traditional formula for calculating the permeability coefficient was applied, but the results are inaccurate. The relationship among permeability coefficient of the iron tailings sand and the non-uniform coefficient Cu, the curvature coefficient Cc, the average particle size, the weighted average particle size, the volume ratio surface and the interparticle void ratio es is nonlinear. It is difficult to characterize the change of permeability coefficient when the fine content is large. However, the relationship between permeability coefficient of the iron tailings sand and the effective particle size and inter-particle void ratio is linear. A formula was developed for the determination of permeability coefficient of iron tailings sand by analyzing the effective particle size and inter-particle void ratio data. It is significant for the seepage field analysis and stability calculation of the Chenkeng tailings dam. This can be used to calculate the permeability coefficient of magnetite tailings.