Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Science

Abstract : Temperature records showed differences in the magnitude between urban and suburban, which usually urban areas show greater magnitudes than rural areas. The variance in temperature is called Urban Heat Island phenomena. In this study, small area respective to population rate was chosen as a case study to seek the impact of measuring times on UHI in Saif Saad district - Karbala city /Iraq. Study methodology is selecting three points at both urban and suburban areas to show the impact of two measuring times: one at the midday and the other is immediately after sunset. This study mentioned that there is a fluctuated in air temperature at 1.5 m above the ground at daytime but there is a stable temperature at night time. Respective to UHIs magnitude, there is significant values of urban heat island at both urban and suburban areas with both measuring times on day and night times. Generally, urban area is warmer than suburban area by increasing temperature value of 2.38oC. Study conclusions are air temperature magnitudes at small urban area are always greater than suburban area along winter season. Also, small areas likely quarters have severed from Urban Heat Island phenomena, which could because UHI values were observed at both daytimes and night times. Measuring times close to the midday hour and just after the sunset appear the precise values of UHI. Therefore, city planner and designers should put these times within scheduling measuring times to record temperature at urban and suburban areas..
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Abstract : The Residue Number System has acquired importance in recent years due to its carry-free propagation, and parallelism. This paper reviews the additional capabilities of usage of alternative moduli sets, forward converters and reverse converters, etc can help in speeding up the design. The less area can be obtained by carry-save adder or carry propagate adder. Also the less area and delay with modular multipliers using booth multipliers, fast multipliers like Dadda multipliers, etc. Further, these are modified for multi-value RNS systems like ternary and Quarternary RNS. The designs can be encoded with different encoding mechanisms like thermometer codes, one hot code, binary codes, etc. The designs are enhanced in speed with distributed architecture and related modifications. The designs are evaluated for various parameters like area, delay, power, power delay product, energy-delay product, the maximum frequency of operation, order of filters, number of taps, minimum period cycle, energy per sample, etc. Among the RNS Filters developed, the complexity increases as the number of taps are increased and multi-value systems are used. The RNS FIR Filter with pipelining has improved significantly the performance of the filter. The proposed distributed arithmetic-based FIR Filter with pipelining has produced the least delay with improvement by 21.5% to 88.54%, which is more advantage in designing fast DSP applications..
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Abstract : Outdoor space in any area especially in residential places is an important element that has a great impact on the human’s psychology, mental health and performance, as it can affect the heart rate and blood pressure. In addition, outdoor spaces are the most used spaces as they influence residents to interact with one another [1]. One of the most important factors that helps in the success of any outdoor space is its thermal comfort. Whereas, Human’s thermal comfort is defined as a state of mind that conveys satisfaction with one's surroundings, High temperatures and humidity can cause discomfort and, in some cases, heat stress which is a reduction in the body's ability to cool itself. While every country in any region in the world has its own climatic characteristics, Egypt’s climatic condition is hot and dry in summer and moderate in winters [13]. Moreover, high outdoor air temperatures and low relative humidity are common during the hot summer months in Egypt because of the intense sun radiation. As a result, discomfort and heat stress are more likely to occur which can also lead to urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon [15]. One of the aspects that can solute and helps in enhancing the thermal comfort in outdoor spaces is the building and planting design orientation and layout configuration taking in consideration the planting orientation including spacing, design and different species of planting [23]. Thus, this research aims to measure the impacts of layout configuration of buildings and investigate the effect of planting on the outdoor thermal comfort in the residential areas. The enhancement of the residential outdoor thermal comfort will be investigated and discussed. This is achieved by mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology approach. First, a literature review that will investigate a-climate, b-thermal comfort, c-layout configuration, d-planting design. Second, presenting and analyzing the case studies. Third, a simulation using Envi-met to study and compare the heat, light and air (thermal comfort) of the outdoor areas in different closed residential building clusters in Egypt as an example. By applying the different climate factors, in order to reach the best building orientation and outdoor layout configuration which obtains the best thermal comfort results. Finally, the research should end up with conclusions and recommendation for achieving the research aim..
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Abstract : When a project takes longer than expected, it is delayed. A cost overrun refers to a project's budget overrun. Time and cost determine the success of construction projects. Construction industries worldwide face delays and cost overruns. This study identifies delays and cost overruns in Indian and East African construction projects. The Fuzzy development model predicts SPSS data analysis. Poor site management, improper planning and scheduling, financial problems, insufficient experience, construction mistakes and defective work, contractor-subcontractor conflict, and slow decision-making were found to be contractor-related factors. 2) Delays in India and East Africa are caused by things that have to do with the client, like taking too long to make a decision, stopping payments in progress, changing the contract, or not communicating well. Poor weather, lack of equipment, inflation, insecurity, crises, and disasters cause construction delays in East Africa but not India. 1) Contractor-related factors include poor project management, mistakes during construction, a lack of cost planning, delays, underestimating project costs, and a lack of experience. Changes in client requirements, payment delays, etc. In India and East Africa, budget overruns are caused by owners' financial difficulties. External factors (unpredictable weather, unskilled labour, equipment failure, accidents, high-cost machines, insecurity, disasters and crises) cause cost overruns in East Africa but not India..
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Abstract : For long decades, developed countries have been resolving the problem of the relationship between supply and demand, by identifying individuals’ needs in the housing market, In which economic and social indicators were studied, to know the purchasing capabilities of individuals, including the division of income groups in society into segments, from which the type of demand is determined and its supply in the housing market. But in the Egyptian housing market, which has not changed the rental law for more than sixty years, resulting in the trend of individuals to own, so the shape of supply in the Egyptian market changed in accordance with their economic capabilities, because of the lack of identification of income segments, to know the form of housing supply, where income is one of the most important factors to determine the ability to spend on housing. Therefore, this research paper aims to study Egyptian society, income segments for individuals, including determining the percentage of income, and its relationship to the acquisition of housing, by studying some experiments, which used the principle of "determining the ratio of income", analyzing and comparing them, and applying the results of the study to income segments in Egyptian society, to benefit from this research..
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