The double steel plate composite shear wall structure is widely used in the high-rise buildings due to its advantages of good integrity, high rigidity and high shear bearing capacity. In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of L-shaped section double steel plate composite shear wall structure were analyzed. The finite element software ABAQUS was used to model and analyze the L-shaped section double steel plate composite shear wall, and the results were compared with the experimental results, through the finite element parametric modeling, the influence and characteristics of the main parameters such as axial compression ratio, steel plate thickness, steel plate strength grade, concrete strength grade, end H-beam size and other parameters on the hysteretic performance of the shear wall were studied. Results showed that the finite element model fit well with the test results; the bearing capacity of specimens increased with decreasing height–width ratio; increasing the thickness of the steel plate and the size of the H-beam at the end, increasing the strength grade of the steel plate and the strength grade of the concrete would increase the bearing capacity of the L-shaped section double steel plate composite shear wall; the strength of the concrete and the addition of H-shaped steel at the flangeless web were the main factors affecting the bearing capacity. It is recommended that the design axial compression ratio of the L-shaped section double steel plate composite shear wall should be restricted under 0.4.