Abstract : Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 is a lactic acid bacterium from local cattle of Peranakan Ongole with probiotic characteristics. This strain was found to be able to produce bacteriocin plantaricin IIA-1A5, which was proven to be able to inhibit Gram positive and negative bacteria as well as used as meat product preservative agents. Nevertheless, the stability of gene encoding plantaricin IIA-1A5 during the fermentation process remains unknown, which may reflect the stability of this strain to produce the bacteriocin along the process. This study aims to identify the presence of a gene encoding precursor of plantaricin IIA-1A5, namely PlnEF, in the buffalo meat-based fermented sausage. To address, the bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and used as a template for amplification of PlnEF gene using designated primers. A 428 bp amplicon was obtained, which showed close similarity to the PlnEF from the other plantarum strains (accession code of T028600.1, KT028601.1, and KT028602.1) with a homology of more than 99%. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree showed that only PlnEF of KT028602.1 is located at a different branch than that of PlnEF of IIA-1A5. This result indicated a few things as follows. Firstly, IIA-1A5 strain well survives in the sausage to produce a remarkable amount of genomic DNA for amplification. Secondly, PlnEF is indeed originated from IIA-1A5 strain used as a fermentation starter. Thirdly, the PlnEF gene is found to be genetically stable during the fermentation process and might imply the IIA-1A5 strain kept being able to produce the bacteriocin during the fermentation process..
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Abstract : The rapid growth of world economy and population caused a remarkable rise in consumption and demand of energy around the world. As a result of that, all societies, and governments have paid considerable attention to promote energy efficiency through different technologies to reduce energy consumption while fulfilling that demand, by storing the excess energy, and restoring the wasted heat generated during different processes. One of the main energy storage methods is thermal energy storage techniques, which can be classified into three main categories: Sensible heat storage, Thermochemical heat storage, and Latent heat storage. Latent heat storage which depends basically on phase change materials (PCMs), where the thermal energy is stored in the material by changing its phase at almost constant temperature, including Solid-Solid, Solid-Liquid, and Liquid-Gas phase change mediums. Solid-Liquid PCMs are extensively used according to many advantages, and they can be classified into three groups: Organic PCMs, Inorganic PCMs, and Eutectic mixtures. Applications of Solid-Liquid phase change materials include Food preservation equipment, Thermal management of Li-ion batteries, Solar thermal application, Desalination process of seawater by PCM integrated solar stills, PCM micro capsulation technologies in textiles, Cooling of photovoltaic panels, and Cooling of electronic components included in space craft electronics, communication devices, avionics, and power electronics..
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Abstract : The present research is devoted to study the behavior of RPC beams subjected to pure torsion, the torsional toughness of RPC beams, and proposed analytical model to estimate the torsional moment of RPC beams. The experimental work of this research which includes examined ten RPC beams includes both solid and hollow beams in torsion, the main variables in this research are focused on the influence of the hollow RPC beams which includes (shape, location, and dimension) and effect of the transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the ultimate torsional moment of the tested beams. This study showed the effect of hollow RPC beams in reduction the cracking and ultimate torque and also torsional toughness when comparing with solid RPC beams. The experimental results showed the influence of spacing between stirrups and longitudinal bars in torsional moment of RPC beams. The cracking and ultimate torque of RPC beams improved when decreasing spacing between stirrups. While the longitudinal bars have been not significant effect on the torsional strength of the RPC beam. In this research, the torsional behavior of RPC beams is theoretically predicted from utilizing regression analysis non-linear by computer program SPSS. Furthermore, when compared to experimental results, the findings produced from an analytical model of RPC beams proposed show good agreement..
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Abstract : Deep eutectic solvents (DES) emerged as a benign media for chemical applications particularly for metal electrodeposition. Electrodeposition of precious palladium metal is investigated in electro-reduction purified Alum: Urea(1:5) deep eutectic solvent. The cyclovaltametry of Pd2+ showed one step reduction to Pd metal onset at -0.47V and oxidation to Pd2+ ions with maximum potential at -0.3V. Electrodeposition of nanometal particle was performed at -0.8 V and 30oC on three type of substrates, brass, zinc and iron giving different morphologies. Non adhered Pd was settled at the bottom of reaction tube with all substrates. An average Pd nanoparticles size of 37.35nm, 45.33nm and 41.44 nm with 8nm, 13nm and 17 cubic crystalline size were formed on brass, zinc and iron respectively of the electroreduced Pd particles. Methods of studying and analysis used in this work are cyclic voltammogram, potentiostate, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) mapping, X-ray diffractometer spectrometer (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)..
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Abstract : The azo dyes (S1, S3, S4) were prepared by diazotization and pairing reaction with 1-naphthol. The prepared azo dyes were diagnosed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In addition, dyes were studied as corrosion inhibitors to achieve the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel surfaces at various concentrations and different temperatures in (1M) HCl. The results were obtained by using potentiodynamic polarization measurements. It was found that (S3) gave the higher inhibition efficiency (%IE = 87%) at 25°C, 5×10-2M. Adsorption isotherms were studied and followed Langmaier's law for their fit to experimental data. Thermodynamic measurements were determined (activation energies(Ea), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), and free energy (ΔG*)). The adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads) had a close correlation coefficient (R2), which was close to the value of one..
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