Abstract : The paper discusses the policies and threats to natural wetlands resulted from urban and development activities, with a focus on Brullus Lake in Egypt. It highlights the geological, soil, and settlement characteristics of the area surrounding the lake, as well as the threats it faces including land drowning, loss of agricultural land, and uncontrolled expansion of fish farms. The paper also examines the urban environment and settlement characteristics of the area, including population density, rate of urban growth, and use of building materials and infrastructure, that aims to integrate wetlands into comprehensive planning, infrastructure planning, and land-use policies. The paper suggests several planning and development policies such as developing polynuclear urban centers, using environmentally friendly materials in roads and housing units, and fully integrating wetlands into urban planning. These policies aim to achieve sustainable development in communities based on local resources within the limits of environmental controls. Additionally, the paper advocates for providing non-traditional infrastructure systems and considering high functionality criteria while identifying high-quality wetlands that may be impacted by infrastructure development..
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Abstract : This study was designed to perform a detailed structural, paleostress, and seismicity analysis of the Jordan Wadi Ibn Hammad dam site and evaluate the dam’s vulnerability. Lithologically, the dam's left abutment was constructed on the Upper Cretaceous rocks, comprised of limestones, silicified limestones, chalk, dolomite, tripoli, and chert. The structure setup of the dam site is controlled by the Dead Sea Transform Fault System (DST), the ENE-WSW segment of the dextral strike-slip Siwaqa Fault, and the extensional NW-SE Karak-Fayha Fault. The stress tensor in the dam area indicates an NW-SE SHmax and NE-SW Shmin. Three main types of fracture trends were detected; a major trend of 0-10° which is compatible with the DST; a 60°-70° trend which coincides with the Siwaqa Fault; and a 120°-130° which coincides with the Karak-Fayha Fault system and the σ1 direction derived from the Tensor program. As a result, rocks are susceptible to rockfall and mass wasting. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt grouting to the bedrock and trimming to reduce rock instability. The risk of rock mass movement into the reservoir region during impounding is significant. Thus, trimming is required to reduce rock instability..
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Abstract : In present day almost all FPGA and ASIC in every application PLL are the part of the chip. With any variation in PLL frequency the complete performance of the design would be affected. At Deep Submicron technology nodes threshold voltage Vth shift will happen at different corners due to manufacturing process. When designer squeezes to achieve maximum performance and low voltage, the shift in Vth impacts the complete circuit/chip performance in addition to temperature variation. Present day applications like medical, wireless and handheld require maximum battery like with efficient and effective. Multiple process corner analysis and characterization of library and circuit is introduced to analyze and evaluate the effective performance at the process corners under varied conditions. These corner analysis results are useful in circuit design to optimize supply voltage requirement and minimum and maximum threshold voltage at which a specific application operating conditions. Library Characterization and corner analysis results show that operation at the optimal Vdd-Vth voltage levels can lead to an effective design to save energy to a larger magnitude. Also additional analysis into threshold voltage and variations due to temperature will provide more insight in to the process variation behavior of MOSFET circuit. The process variation impacts technical and economically during manufacturing, especially with reference to wafer yield in turn product yield, reliability of the product. Early analysis of variations and its effect allow designer to analyze and enhance performance by compensatory circuits, yield, and reliability due to variations. This design work is carried out using BSIM4.X MOSFET models to analyze the performance due to process variation..
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Abstract : The papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV2 is an attractive target for the development of novel drugs to combat COVID-19. However, discovering effective drug candidates often requires the production of recombinant PLpro with high purity and yield. Unfortunately, this process often involves automated chromatography systems that require expensive and sophisticated equipment. This study aimed to purify recombinant PLpro using a manual Ni-NTA chromatography system with a step elution approach. Initially, PLpro was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and the soluble fraction was used for purification using a His-Trap column. Elution was performed with an elution solution containing imidazole in the concentration range of 10-500 mM. PLpro was successfully eluted with a minimum of 50 mM imidazole, but the highest purity was obtained at 400-450 mM imidazole. The yield and purification fold of PLpro obtained in this study were approximately 50.54% and 9.30, respectively, with a protein amount of 8.6 mg and a specific activity of 0.55 U/mg. The purified PLpro exhibited normal behavior in terms of its pH and temperature optimum, which were found to be at pH 6-7 and 30°C, respectively. These results indicate that the use of non-automated chromatography and a step elution process is a viable approach for producing recombinant PLpro with acceptable purity..
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Abstract : The purpose of this research is to examine the nutrient content of several sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.). filled in coconut manor regions in Manado City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study employed an analysis of variance design with a completely random sample of sorghum varieties. The assortments that have been planted are Suri 3, Samurai 2, Kawali and Suri 4. Dry matter content, ash content, fat content, crude protein content, and crude fiber content were the variables that were observed. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that the sorghum varieties produced varying amounts of dry matter, ash, crude protein, and crude fiber. The Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test revealed that the Suri 4 variety produced the most crude fiber, crude protein, ash, and dry matter, while the Samurai 2 variety produced the least crude fiber. It was reasoned that the Samurai 2 sorghum assortment was a quality assortment as far as nourishing substance to be established in coconut estate regions in the city of Manado, North Sulawesi territory..
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