Abstract : Nutmeg (Myristica spp.) is a spice plant of high economic value and the largest contributor to local revenue. The nutmeg commodity is obtained from cultivating and harvesting wild nutmeg, which grows naturally in the forest. Wild nutmeg germplasm has the potential to experience genetic erosion and the loss of important gene sources due to land degradation and deforestation. This research aims to determine the genetic diversity of wild Nutmeg accessions using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker analysis to produce data and information on the characteristics and genetic variability of wild Nutmeg accessions in the forests of Halmahera Island, North Maluku. The results showed that the genetic diversity (DNA) of wild Nutmeg (Myristica spp.) accessions ranged from 13.4% to 83.78%. Accession Wayamli8 and accession Maba-Bicoli21 were detected to have high genetic similarity with Banda Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Ternate Variety 1, namely a nutmeg variety with the best seed and mace quality, so wild nutmeg accession Wayamli8 and accession Maba-Bicoli21 has the potential to become targets for selection and domestication.. Full article
Abstract : This paper includes design and development of patch antenna for X-band communication. Overall substrate dimension is 35 x 30 x 4.7mm3. The simulated results show that the bandwidth obtained is 9.41-11.54GHz.due to application of stacking their overall gain is found to be 7.40 dB. Thenatennais printed on FR4 and Arlon CuClad 233 with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and 2.33 respectively with a gap of 1.5mm are introduced.. Full article
Abstract : Countries are spending a big share of their budget on energy consumption to sully heat during winter and cool during summer, particularly in the intermediate climate places. Disadvantages of traditional thermal insulation materials in addition to their cost, the health risks (wool glass), carbon dioxide emissions, and fire unsafe (petroleum polymers). Therefore, inspection of new insulation materials to overcome the above disadvantages becomes extensively needed. This study develops experimentally and numerically the disposable waste of tires as fibers, plastic bottles as grains, and agricultural wood waste as sawdust fibers for thermal insulation and compares it with air between 40cm x 40cm x 90cm inside dimensions of non-bottom double glazing box. The box is made of 4mm and 6mm thickness transparence glass sheets, separately, and supported by aluminum frames. The temperature property is measured inside, outside, and at interferences between waste material or air and glass. A heating source fixed at the box inside the central space of 60, 80, and 100W bulb lights is used. Thermal insulation performance is examined at three different waste material gap thicknesses of 8, 10, and 12mm to investigate its effect. Experimental results show that plastic waste grains gain the highest temperature difference and air has the lowest temperature difference, while other waste fibers graduate between them. It is noticed that temperature difference increases as material gap thickness increases except air. The results obtained from the present work nominate the examined waste types as cheap, clean, and sustainable environment, low carbon dioxide emission, fire safe (except sawdust) thermal insulation materials.. Full article
Abstract : Lerak (Sapindus rarak) is a plant whose fruit is used as a natural detergent, natural herbicides or silver metal polishes because it contains saponins. Lerak has yet to be cultivated and only takes its fruit from the forest, so the cultivation of lerak now has prospects as an industrial crop. This study aimed to obtain the composition of the planting medium, the application time of chitosan, and the interaction between the composition of planting media and the time of application of chitosan which supports the growth of lerak seedlings. The method used was a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the composition of planting media from the ratio of soil: manure: husk charcoal ([1:0:0], [1:1:1], [1:2:1], and [1:1:2]), and the second factor was the time of giving chitosan (without giving chitosan, morning, evening, and morning and evening). Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance, and if there were significant differences, it was continued using 5% Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that at 12 Week After Application, the composition treatment of planting media with a ratio (1:1:1) and (1:1:2) could increase plant height, stem diameter, and number of lerak leaves. Giving chitosan with application time in the morning and evening can increase the diameter of lerak stems. The interaction between the composition treatment of planting media with a ratio (1:2:1) + without chitosan and a ratio (1:1:2) + without chitosan can increase plant height and stem diameter of lerak.. Full article
Abstract : The paper investigates the solid particle fluidization regimes and the formation of distinct fluidized states when a gas stream is introduced perpendicular to a bed of solid particles, varying the gas velocities. The outcomes of this research find application in refining the process of drying standard (RS) sugar cane using a modern pulsed fluidized bed drying technique. The study establishes essential hydrodynamic parameters for diverse fluidized beds. In the case of the static particle layer, the particle bulk's porosity (ε₀) measures 0.44. At the minimum fluidized bed state, this porosity (εₘᵍ) increases to 0.484, accompanied by a minimum fluidized bed velocity (Uₘᵍ) of 0.65 m/s. Moving to the homogeneous fluidization bed, the particle bulk's porosity (εₕᵍ) rises to 0.67, with a corresponding homogeneous fluidization velocity (Uₕᵍ) determined as 1.65 m/s. In the circulating particle bed scenario, the terminal velocity (Uc₉) is found to be 2.1 m/s, and the porosity (εc₉) reaches 0.73. Additionally, the paper reports a pressure drop of 4268 N/m² across a 200 mm thick layer of RS sugar.. Full article